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Using a systems modeling approach to improve soil management and soil quality

Enli WANG, Di HE, Zhigan ZHAO, Chris J. SMITH, Ben C. T. MACDONALD

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 289-295 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020337

摘要：

Soils provide the structural support, water and nutrients for plants in nature and are considered to be the foundation of agriculture production. Improving soil quality and soil health has been advocated as the goal of soil management toward sustainable agricultural intensification. There have been renewed efforts to define and quantify soil quality and soil health but establishing a consensus on the key indicators remains difficult. It is argued that such difficulties are due to the former ways of thinking in soil management which largely focus on soil properties alone. A systems approach that treats soils as a key component of agricultural production systems is promoted. It is argued that soil quality must be quantified in terms of crop productivity and impacts on ecosystems services that are also strongly driven by climate and management interventions. A systems modeling approach captures the interactions among climate, soil, crops and management, and their impacts on system performance, thus helping to quantify the value and quality of soils. Here, three examples are presented to demonstrate this. In this systems context, soil management must be an integral part of systems management practices that also include managing the crops and cropping systems under specific climatic conditions, with cognizance of future climate change.

关键词： APSIM available water capacity nitrogen management soil functional properties soil health soil-plant modeling

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LINKING CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY TO SOIL PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROPERTIES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 545-558 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE -2020349

摘要：

Agriculture uses a large proportion of global and regional water resources. Due to the rapid increase of population in the world, the increasing competition for water resources has led to an urgent need in increasing crop water productivity for agricultural sustainability. As the medium for crop growth, soils and their properties are important in affecting crop water productivity. This review examines the effects of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties on crop water productivity and the quantitative relationships between them. A comprehensive view of these relationships may provide important insights for soil and water management in arable land for agriculture in the future.

关键词： crop water productivity crop yield soil chemical properties soil microbial properties soil physical properties water consumption

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Changes in structure and functional properties of whey proteins induced by high hydrostatic pressure:

Xiaoming LIU, Jia NING, Stephanie CLARK,

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2009年第3卷第4期页码 436-442 doi: 10.1007/s11705-009-0251-0

摘要： High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) is an alternative technology to heat processing for food product modifications. It does not cause environmental pollution and eliminates the use of chemical additives in food products. This review covers the research conducted to understand the effect of HHP on structure and functional properties of whey proteins. In this paper, the mechanism underlying pressure-induced changes in -lactoglobulin and -lactabumin is also discussed and how they related to functional properties such as hydrophobicity, foam stability, and flavor-binding capacity.

关键词： -lactoglobulin processing functional alternative technology environmental

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Effect of earth reinforcement, soil properties and wall properties on bridge MSE walls

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期页码 1209-1221 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0764-2

摘要： Mechanically stabilized earth (MSE) retaining walls are popular for highway bridge structures. They have precast concrete panels attached to earth reinforcement. The panels are designed to have some lateral movement. However, in some cases, excessive movement and even complete dislocation of the panels have been observed. In this study, 3-D numerical modeling involving an existing MSE wall was undertaken to investigate various wall parameters. The effects of pore pressure, soil cohesion, earth reinforcement type and length, breakage/slippage of reinforcement and concrete strength, were examined. Results showed that the wall movement is affected by soil pore pressure and reinforcement integrity and length, and unaffected by concrete strength. Soil cohesion has a minor effect, while the movement increased by 13–20 mm for flexible geogrid reinforced walls compared with the steel grid walls. The steel grid stresses were below yielding, while the geogrid experienced significant stresses without rupture. Geogrid reinforcement may be used taking account of slippage resistance and wall movement. If steel grid is used, non-cohesive soil is recommended to minimize corrosion. Proper soil drainage is important for control of pore pressure.

关键词： mechanically stabilized earth walls precast concrete panels backfill soil finite element modeling earth reinforcement

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Influence of the sewage irrigation on the agricultural soil properties in Tongliao City, China

Hong YAO, Shichao ZHANG, Xiaobo XUE, Jie YANG, Kelin HU, Xiaohua YU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2013年第7卷第2期页码 273-280 doi: 10.1007/s11783-013-0497-0

摘要： Increasing shortages of fresh water has led to greater use of treated wastewater for irrigation of crops. This study evaluates the spatial variability of soil properties after irrigation with wastewater and freshwater. Geostatistical techniques were used to identify the variability of soil properties at the different sites. A set of physical and chemical soil properties were measured including total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), organic matter (OM) and soil moisture. The TN concentration levels varied from 567 to 700 mg·kg , while OC levels ranged from 7.3 to 16.3 mg·kg in wastewater-irrigated zones. The concentration levels of TP were between 371.53 and 402.88 mg·kg for the wastewater-irrigated sites. Wastewater irrigation resulted in higher TN, TP and OM concentrations by 18.4%, 8% and 25%, respectively. The highest TN and OM occurred along the wastewater trunk. It was also observed that nitrogen concentrations correlate with the soil's organic matter. The increase of salinity may be associated with the increase of pH, which might suggest that a reduction of pH will be beneficial for plant growth due to the decrease of salinity. The average concentrations of nitrogen in topsoil were higher than those in subsurface soils in irrigated areas. Such differences of the N profile might be due to variations in organic matter content and microbial populations. Consistent with TN and OM, soil C:N decreased significantly with an increase of depth. This phenomenon possibly reflects a greater degree of breakdown and the older age of humus stored in the deeper soil layers. The analysis of pH levels at different depths for the three sites showed that pH values for wastewater irrigation were slightly lower than the controlled sites at the same depths.

关键词： spatial variability soil properties groundwater and sewage irrigation

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LINKING CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY TO SOIL PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROPERTIES

Di WU, Allan A. ANDALES, Hui YANG, Qing SUN, Shichao CHEN, Xiuwei GUO, Donghao LI, Taisheng DU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第8卷第4期页码 545-558 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020349

摘要： Agriculture uses a large proportion of global and regional water resources. Due to the rapid increase of population in the world, the increasing competition for water resources has led to an urgent need in increasing crop water productivity for agricultural sustainability. As the medium for crop growth, soils and their properties are important in affecting crop water productivity. This review examines the effects of soil physical, chemical, and microbial properties on crop water productivity and the quantitative relationships between them. A comprehensive view of these relationships may provide important insights for soil and water management in arable land for agriculture in the future.

关键词： crop water productivity crop yield soil chemical properties soil microbial properties soil physical properties water consumption

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Effects of different types of biochar on the properties and reactivity of nano zero-valent iron in soil

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2021年第15卷第5期 doi: 10.1007/s11783-021-1388-4

摘要：

• Biochar enhanced the mobility and stability of zero-valent iron nanoparticles.

关键词： Nano zero-valent iron Biochar BDE209 Transport Soil

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Effect of land-use management systems on coupled physical and mechanical, chemical and biological soilprocesses: how can we maintain and predict soil properties and functions?

Rainer HORN, Winfried E. H. BLUM

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2020年第7卷第3期页码 243-245 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2020334

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Microbial community and functional genes in the rhizosphere of alfalfa in crude oil-contaminated soil

Yi ZHONG, Jian WANG, Yizhi SONG, Yuting LIANG, Guanghe LI

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2012年第6卷第6期页码 797-805 doi: 10.1007/s11783-012-0405-z

摘要： A rhizobox system constructed with crude oil-contaminated soil was vegetated with alfalfa ( L.) to evaluate the rhizosphere effects on the soil microbial population and functional structure, and to explore the potential mechanisms by which plants enhance the removal of crude oil in soil. During the 80-day experiment, 31.6% of oil was removed from the adjacent rhizosphere (AR); this value was 27% and 53% higher than the percentage of oil removed from the far rhizosphere (FR) and from the non-rhizosphere (NR), respectively. The populations of heterotrophic bacteria and hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria were higher in the AR and FR than in the NR. However, the removal rate of crude oil was positively correlated with the proportion of hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria in the rhizosphere. In total, 796, 731, and 379 functional genes were detected by microarray in the AR, FR, and NR, respectively. Higher proportions of functional genes related to carbon degradation and organic remediation, were found in rhizosphere soil compared with NR soil, suggesting that the rhizosphere selectively increased the abundance of these specific functional genes. The increase in water-holding capacity and decrease in pH as well as salinity of the soil all followed the order of AR>FR>NR. Canonical component analysis showed that salinity was the most important environmental factor influencing the microbial functional structure in the rhizosphere and that salinity was negatively correlated with the abundance of carbon and organic degradation genes.

关键词： crude oil-contaminated soil phytoremediation rhizosphere effects rhizobox functional genes

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结构功能一体化的高性能陶瓷材料的研究与开发

江东亮

《中国工程科学》 2003年第5卷第2期页码 35-39

摘要：

从当前新材料的开发和材料科学发展向多功能、小型化、复合化、低成本制备等要求出发, 并就现有高性能陶瓷材料的基本性能和材料制备工艺上的优缺点进行了分析；简要介绍了碳化硅(SiC)陶瓷、添加Nd的钇铝石榴子石(Nd-YAG)陶瓷、掺有稀土的氮化硅(RE-Si₃N₄)陶瓷等几种具有结构和功能一体化高性能陶瓷材料的优良性能,可能的应用以及目前存在的问题,特别是在基础研究和制备科学上今后应予以关注的方面。

关键词：结构和功能一体化高性能陶瓷碳化硅 Nd-YAG RE-Si₃N₄

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Functional trait differences between native bunchgrasses and the invasive grass

Huiqin HE, Thomas A. MONACO, Thomas A. JONES

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2018年第5卷第1期页码 139-147 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017175

摘要： We conducted 30- and 60-d greenhouse experiments to compare functional traits of (invasive annual grass) and four perennial bunchgrasses under well-watered or drought conditions. Even under drought, experienced significantly less stress (i.e., higher xylem pressure potential and greater shoot water content, water use per day and water-use efficiency) and biomass production than the perennial grasses after 30 d. However, after 60 d, its superiority was reduced under infrequent watering. Differences among perennial grasses were more pronounced for physiological traits under infrequent watering and for morphological traits under frequent watering. (fast-growing species) had a higher transpiration rate, lower leaf temperature, and lower water-use efficiency than the other grasses after 30 d. In contrast, (slow-growing) had lower xylem pressure potential and higher leaf temperature than all other grasses under infrequent watering. Under frequent watering, shoot dry mass and specific leaf area of was matched by (moderate-growing species). Our results indicate that multiple-species plantings or seedings are necessary to foster greater weed resistance against . We also emphasize that when choosing plant material for restoration, performance during both pulse (resource-rich) and inter-pulse (resource-poor) periods should be considered.

关键词： annual grass comparative growth drought response invasive plant native grass specific leaf area soil-water use

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SERS nanoprobes for bio-application

Han-Wen Cheng,Jin Luo,Chuan-Jian Zhong

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2015年第9卷第4期页码 428-441 doi: 10.1007/s11705-015-1536-0

摘要： The ability to tune the size, shape, composition and surface properties impart nanoparticles with the desired functions for bio-application. This article highlights some of the recent examples in the exploration of metal (e.g., gold and silver) nanoparticles, especially those with magnetic properties and bio-conjugated structures, as theranostic nanoprobes. Such nanoprobes exhibit tunable optical, spectroscopic, magnetic, and electrical properties for signal amplifications. Examples discussed in this article will focus on the nanoproble-enhanced colorimetric detection and surface enhanced Raman scattering (SERS) detection of biomarkers or biomolecules such as proteins and DNAs. The understanding of factors controlling the biomolecular interactions is essential for the design of SERS nanoprobes with theranostic functions.

关键词： surface-enhanced Raman scattering functional nanoprobes bio-conjugation metal nanoparticles magnetic properties theranostic materials

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极端条件下材料化学和输运性质的第一原理研究 Review

John S. Tse

《工程（英文）》 2019年第5卷第3期页码 421-433 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2019.01.008

摘要：

地球是一个动态系统。从常温常压到地核的360 GPa 和6600 K，地球的热力学状态随着深度的变化而发生很大变化。因此，地球成分（如硅酸盐和碳酸盐矿物）的物理和化学性质受其所处环境的显著影响。在过去的30 年中，在极端条件下的材料表征的实验技术和理论模拟方法都取得了巨大的进步。这些进步提升了我们对矿物特性的理解，这对于充分认识这个星球的形成及其生命起源至关重要。本文回顾了用于预测极端条件下材料性质的最新计算技术，本研究仅限于应用第一原理分子动力学（first principle molecular dynamics, FPMD）方法研究与地球科学相关的化学和热力学输运过程。

关键词：高压高温地幔分子动力学密度泛函方法输运性质化学反应

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Development and applications of functional gene microarrays in the analysis of the functional diversity

Zhili HE, Joy D. VAN NOSTRAND, Ye DENG, Jizhong ZHOU

《环境科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2011年第5卷第1期页码 1-20 doi: 10.1007/s11783-011-0301-y

摘要： Functional gene arrays (FGAs) are a special type of microarrays containing probes for key genes involved in microbial functional processes, such as biogeochemical cycling of carbon, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and metals, biodegradation of environmental contaminants, energy processing, and stress responses. GeoChips are considered as the most comprehensive FGAs. Experimentally established probe design criteria and a computational pipeline integrating sequence retrieval, probe design and verification, array construction, data analysis, and automatic update are used to develop the GeoChip technology. GeoChip has been systematically evaluated and demonstrated to be a powerful tool for rapid, specific, sensitive, and quantitative analysis of microbial communities in a high-throughput manner. Several generations of GeoChip have been developed and applied to investigate the functional diversity, composition, structure, function, and dynamics of a variety of microbial communities from different habitats, such as water, soil, marine, bioreactor, human microbiome, and extreme ecosystems. GeoChip is able to address fundamental questions related to global change, bioenergy, bioremediation, agricultural operation, land use, human health, environmental restoration, and ecological theories and to link the microbial community structure to environmental factors and ecosystem functioning.

关键词： functional gene arrays (FGAs) GeoChip microbial communities functional diversity/composition/structure environmental factor ecosystem functioning

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Self-propelled automatic chassis of Lunokhod-1: History of creation in episodes

Mikhail MALENKOV

《机械工程前沿（英文）》 2016年第11卷第1期页码 60-86 doi: 10.1007/s11465-016-0370-5

摘要：

This report reviews the most important episodes in the history of designing the self-propelled automatic chassis of the first mobile extraterrestrial vehicle in the world, Lunokhod-1. The review considers the issues in designing moon rovers, their essential features, and the particular construction properties of their systems, mechanisms, units, and assemblies. It presents the results of exploiting the chassis of Lunokhod-1 and Lunokhod-2. Analysis of the approaches utilized and engineering solutions reveals their value as well as the consequences of certain defects.

关键词： moon rover self-propelled chassis propulsion wheel suspension soil properties cross-country ability

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标题作者时间类型操作

Using a systems modeling approach to improve soil management and soil quality

Enli WANG, Di HE, Zhigan ZHAO, Chris J. SMITH, Ben C. T. MACDONALD

期刊论文

LINKING CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY TO SOIL PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROPERTIES

期刊论文

Changes in structure and functional properties of whey proteins induced by high hydrostatic pressure:

Xiaoming LIU, Jia NING, Stephanie CLARK,

期刊论文

Effect of earth reinforcement, soil properties and wall properties on bridge MSE walls

期刊论文

Influence of the sewage irrigation on the agricultural soil properties in Tongliao City, China

Hong YAO, Shichao ZHANG, Xiaobo XUE, Jie YANG, Kelin HU, Xiaohua YU

期刊论文

LINKING CROP WATER PRODUCTIVITY TO SOIL PHYSICAL, CHEMICAL AND MICROBIAL PROPERTIES

Di WU, Allan A. ANDALES, Hui YANG, Qing SUN, Shichao CHEN, Xiuwei GUO, Donghao LI, Taisheng DU

期刊论文

Effects of different types of biochar on the properties and reactivity of nano zero-valent iron in soil

期刊论文

Effect of land-use management systems on coupled physical and mechanical, chemical and biological soilprocesses: how can we maintain and predict soil properties and functions?

Rainer HORN, Winfried E. H. BLUM

期刊论文

Microbial community and functional genes in the rhizosphere of alfalfa in crude oil-contaminated soil

Yi ZHONG, Jian WANG, Yizhi SONG, Yuting LIANG, Guanghe LI

期刊论文

结构功能一体化的高性能陶瓷材料的研究与开发

江东亮

期刊论文

Functional trait differences between native bunchgrasses and the invasive grass

Huiqin HE, Thomas A. MONACO, Thomas A. JONES

期刊论文

SERS nanoprobes for bio-application